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23 <center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 8<br>
24 IEEE Std 1003.1-2024<br>
25 Copyright © 2001-2024 The IEEE and The Open Group</font></center>
26 <hr size="2" noshade>
27 <a name="top" id="top"></a> <a name="val" id="val"></a> <a name="tag_20_145" id="tag_20_145"></a><!-- val -->
28 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_01" id="tag_20_145_01"></a>NAME</h4>
29 <blockquote>val — validate SCCS files (<b>DEVELOPMENT</b>)</blockquote>
30 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_02" id="tag_20_145_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4>
31 <blockquote class="synopsis">
32 <div class="box"><code><tt><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt=
33 "[Option Start]" border="0"> val -<br>
34 <br>
35 val</tt> <b>[</b><tt>-s</tt><b>] [</b><tt>-m</tt> <i>name</i><b>] [</b><tt>-r</tt> <i>SID</i><b>] [</b><tt>-y</tt>
36 <i>type</i><b>]</b> <i>file</i><tt>... <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border="0"></tt></code></div>
37 <tt><br></tt></blockquote>
38 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_03" id="tag_20_145_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4>
39 <blockquote>
40 <p>The <i>val</i> utility shall determine whether the specified <i>file</i> is an SCCS file meeting the characteristics specified
41 by the options.</p>
42 </blockquote>
43 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_04" id="tag_20_145_04"></a>OPTIONS</h4>
44 <blockquote>
45 <p>The <i>val</i> utility shall conform to XBD <a href="../basedefs/V1_chap12.html#tag_12_02"><i>12.2 Utility Syntax
46 Guidelines</i></a> , except that the usage of the <tt>'-'</tt> operand is not strictly as intended by the guidelines (that is,
47 reading options and operands from standard input).</p>
48 <p>The following options shall be supported:</p>
49 <dl compact>
50 <dd></dd>
51 <dt><b>-m </b><i>name</i></dt>
52 <dd>Specify a <i>name</i>, which is compared with the SCCS %<b>M</b>% keyword in <i>file</i>; see <a href=
53 "../utilities/get.html#"><i>get</i></a> .</dd>
54 <dt><b>-r </b><i>SID</i></dt>
55 <dd>Specify a <i>SID</i> (SCCS Identification String), an SCCS delta number. A check shall be made to determine whether the
56 <i>SID</i> is ambiguous (for example, <b>-r 1</b> is ambiguous because it physically does not exist but implies 1.1, 1.2, and
57 so on, which may exist) or invalid (for example, <b>-r 1.0</b> or <b>-r 1.1.0</b> are invalid because neither case can
58 exist as a valid delta number). If the <i>SID</i> is valid and not ambiguous, a check shall be made to determine whether it
59 actually exists.</dd>
60 <dt><b>-s</b></dt>
61 <dd>Silence the diagnostic message normally written to standard output for any error that is detected while processing each named
62 file on a given command line.</dd>
63 <dt><b>-y </b><i>type</i></dt>
64 <dd>Specify a <i>type</i>, which shall be compared with the SCCS %<b>Y</b>% keyword in <i>file</i>; see <a href=
65 "../utilities/get.html#"><i>get</i></a> .</dd>
66 </dl>
67 </blockquote>
68 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_05" id="tag_20_145_05"></a>OPERANDS</h4>
69 <blockquote>
70 <p>The following operands shall be supported:</p>
71 <dl compact>
72 <dd></dd>
73 <dt><i>file</i></dt>
74 <dd>A pathname of an existing SCCS file. If exactly one <i>file</i> operand appears, and it is <tt>'-'</tt>, the standard input
75 shall be read: each line shall be independently processed as if it were a command line argument list. (However, the line is not
76 subjected to any of the shell word expansions, such as parameter expansion or quote removal.)</dd>
77 </dl>
78 </blockquote>
79 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_06" id="tag_20_145_06"></a>STDIN</h4>
80 <blockquote>
81 <p>The standard input shall be a text file used only when the <i>file</i> operand is specified as <tt>'-'</tt>.</p>
82 </blockquote>
83 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_07" id="tag_20_145_07"></a>INPUT FILES</h4>
84 <blockquote>
85 <p>Any SCCS files processed shall be files of an unspecified format.</p>
86 </blockquote>
87 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_08" id="tag_20_145_08"></a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4>
88 <blockquote>
89 <p>The following environment variables shall affect the execution of <i>val</i>:</p>
90 <dl compact>
91 <dd></dd>
92 <dt><i>LANG</i></dt>
93 <dd>Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See XBD <a href=
94 "../basedefs/V1_chap08.html#tag_08_02"><i>8.2 Internationalization Variables</i></a> for the precedence of internationalization
95 variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)</dd>
96 <dt><i>LC_ALL</i></dt>
97 <dd>If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.</dd>
98 <dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i></dt>
99 <dd>Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
100 opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments and input files).</dd>
101 <dt><i>LC_MESSAGES</i></dt>
102 <dd><br>
103 Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error, and
104 informative messages written to standard output.</dd>
105 <dt><i>NLSPATH</i></dt>
106 <dd>Determine the location of messages objects and message catalogs.</dd>
107 </dl>
108 </blockquote>
109 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_09" id="tag_20_145_09"></a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4>
110 <blockquote>
111 <p>Default.</p>
112 </blockquote>
113 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_10" id="tag_20_145_10"></a>STDOUT</h4>
114 <blockquote>
115 <p>The standard output shall consist of informative messages about either:</p>
116 <ol>
117 <li>
118 <p>Each file processed</p>
119 </li>
120 <li>
121 <p>Each command line read from standard input</p>
122 </li>
123 </ol>
124 <p>If the standard input is not used, for each <i>file</i> operand yielding a discrepancy, the output line shall have the following
125 format:</p>
126 <pre>
127 <tt>"%s: %s\n", <</tt><i>pathname</i><tt>>, <</tt><i>unspecified string</i><tt>>
128 </tt></pre>
129 <p>If the standard input is used, for each input line yielding a discrepancy, the output shall have the following format:</p>
130 <pre>
131 <tt>"%s\n\n %s: %s\n", <</tt><i>input</i><tt>>, <</tt><i>pathname</i><tt>>, <</tt><i>unspecified string</i><tt>>
132 </tt></pre>
133 <p>where <<i>input</i>> is the input line minus its terminating <newline>.</p>
134 </blockquote>
135 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_11" id="tag_20_145_11"></a>STDERR</h4>
136 <blockquote>
137 <p>Not used.</p>
138 </blockquote>
139 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_12" id="tag_20_145_12"></a>OUTPUT FILES</h4>
140 <blockquote>
141 <p>None.</p>
142 </blockquote>
143 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_13" id="tag_20_145_13"></a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4>
144 <blockquote>
145 <p>None.</p>
146 </blockquote>
147 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_14" id="tag_20_145_14"></a>EXIT STATUS</h4>
148 <blockquote>
149 <p>The 8-bit code returned by <i>val</i> shall be a disjunction of the possible errors; that is, it can be interpreted as a bit
150 string where set bits are interpreted as follows:</p>
151 <table cellpadding="3">
152 <tr valign="top">
153 <td align="left">
154 <p class="tent">0x80</p>
155 </td>
156 <td align="center">
157 <p class="tent">=</p>
158 </td>
159 <td align="left">
160 <p class="tent">Missing file argument.</p>
161 </td>
162 </tr>
163 <tr valign="top">
164 <td align="left">
165 <p class="tent">0x40</p>
166 </td>
167 <td align="center">
168 <p class="tent">=</p>
169 </td>
170 <td align="left">
171 <p class="tent">Unknown or duplicate option.</p>
172 </td>
173 </tr>
174 <tr valign="top">
175 <td align="left">
176 <p class="tent">0x20</p>
177 </td>
178 <td align="center">
179 <p class="tent">=</p>
180 </td>
181 <td align="left">
182 <p class="tent">Corrupted SCCS file.</p>
183 </td>
184 </tr>
185 <tr valign="top">
186 <td align="left">
187 <p class="tent">0x10</p>
188 </td>
189 <td align="center">
190 <p class="tent">=</p>
191 </td>
192 <td align="left">
193 <p class="tent">Cannot open file or file not SCCS.</p>
194 </td>
195 </tr>
196 <tr valign="top">
197 <td align="left">
198 <p class="tent">0x08</p>
199 </td>
200 <td align="center">
201 <p class="tent">=</p>
202 </td>
203 <td align="left">
204 <p class="tent"><i>SID</i> is invalid or ambiguous.</p>
205 </td>
206 </tr>
207 <tr valign="top">
208 <td align="left">
209 <p class="tent">0x04</p>
210 </td>
211 <td align="center">
212 <p class="tent">=</p>
213 </td>
214 <td align="left">
215 <p class="tent"><i>SID</i> does not exist.</p>
216 </td>
217 </tr>
218 <tr valign="top">
219 <td align="left">
220 <p class="tent">0x02</p>
221 </td>
222 <td align="center">
223 <p class="tent">=</p>
224 </td>
225 <td align="left">
226 <p class="tent">%<b>Y</b>%, <b>-y</b> mismatch.</p>
227 </td>
228 </tr>
229 <tr valign="top">
230 <td align="left">
231 <p class="tent">0x01</p>
232 </td>
233 <td align="center">
234 <p class="tent">=</p>
235 </td>
236 <td align="left">
237 <p class="tent">%<b>M</b>%, <b>-m</b> mismatch.</p>
238 </td>
239 </tr>
240 </table>
241 <p class="tent">Note that <i>val</i> can process two or more files on a given command line and can process multiple command lines
242 (when reading the standard input). In these cases an aggregate code shall be returned: a logical OR of the codes generated for each
243 command line and file processed.</p>
244 </blockquote>
245 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_15" id="tag_20_145_15"></a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4>
246 <blockquote>
247 <p>Default.</p>
248 </blockquote>
249 <hr>
250 <div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div>
251 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_16" id="tag_20_145_16"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4>
252 <blockquote>
253 <p>Since the <i>val</i> exit status sets the 0x80 bit, shell applications checking <tt>"$?"</tt> cannot tell if it terminated due
254 to a missing file argument or receipt of a signal.</p>
255 </blockquote>
256 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_17" id="tag_20_145_17"></a>EXAMPLES</h4>
257 <blockquote>
258 <p>In a directory with three SCCS files—<b>s.x</b> (of <b>t</b> type "text"), <b>s.y</b>, and <b>s.z</b> (a corrupted file)—the
259 following command could produce the output shown:</p>
260 <pre>
261 <tt>val - <<EOF
262 -y source s.x
263 -m y s.y
264 s.z
265 EOF
266 -y source s.x
267 <br class="tent">
268 s.x: %Y%, -y mismatch
269 s.z
270 <br class="tent">
271 s.z: corrupted SCCS file
272 </tt></pre></blockquote>
273 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_18" id="tag_20_145_18"></a>RATIONALE</h4>
274 <blockquote>
275 <p>None.</p>
276 </blockquote>
277 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_19" id="tag_20_145_19"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4>
278 <blockquote>
279 <p>If this utility is directed to display a pathname that contains any bytes that have the encoded value of a <newline>
280 character when <newline> is a terminator or separator in the output format being used, implementations are encouraged to
281 treat this as an error. A future version of this standard may require implementations to treat this as an error.</p>
282 </blockquote>
283 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_20" id="tag_20_145_20"></a>SEE ALSO</h4>
284 <blockquote>
285 <p><a href="../utilities/admin.html#"><i>admin</i></a> , <a href="../utilities/delta.html#"><i>delta</i></a> , <a href=
286 "../utilities/get.html#"><i>get</i></a> , <a href="../utilities/prs.html#"><i>prs</i></a></p>
287 <p class="tent">XBD <a href="../basedefs/V1_chap08.html#tag_08"><i>8. Environment Variables</i></a> , <a href=
288 "../basedefs/V1_chap12.html#tag_12_02"><i>12.2 Utility Syntax Guidelines</i></a></p>
289 </blockquote>
290 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_21" id="tag_20_145_21"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4>
291 <blockquote>
292 <p>First released in Issue 2.</p>
293 </blockquote>
294 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_22" id="tag_20_145_22"></a>Issue 6</h4>
295 <blockquote>
296 <p>The Open Group Corrigendum U025/4 is applied, correcting a typographical error in the EXIT STATUS.</p>
297 </blockquote>
298 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_23" id="tag_20_145_23"></a>Issue 7</h4>
299 <blockquote>
300 <p>SD5-XCU-ERN-97 is applied, updating the SYNOPSIS.</p>
301 <p class="tent">POSIX.1-2008, Technical Corrigendum 1, XCU/TC1-2008/0147 [416] and XCU/TC1-2008/0148 [416] are applied.</p>
302 </blockquote>
303 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_145_24" id="tag_20_145_24"></a>Issue 8</h4>
304 <blockquote>
305 <p>Austin Group Defect 251 is applied, encouraging implementations to report an error if a utility is directed to display a
306 pathname that contains any bytes that have the encoded value of a <newline> character when <newline> is a terminator or
307 separator in the output format being used.</p>
308 <p class="tent">Austin Group Defect 1122 is applied, changing the description of <i>NLSPATH .</i></p>
309 </blockquote>
310 <div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div>
311 <hr>
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