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23 <script language="JavaScript" src="../jscript/codes.js"></script><basefont size="3">
24 <center><font size="2">The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 8<br>
25 IEEE Std 1003.1-2024<br>
26 Copyright © 2001-2024 The IEEE and The Open Group</font></center>
27 <hr size="2" noshade>
28 <a name="top" id="top"></a> <a name="chgrp" id="chgrp"></a> <a name="tag_20_16" id="tag_20_16"></a><!-- chgrp -->
29 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_01" id="tag_20_16_01"></a>NAME</h4>
30 <blockquote>chgrp — change the file group ownership</blockquote>
31 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_02" id="tag_20_16_02"></a>SYNOPSIS</h4>
32 <blockquote class="synopsis">
33 <p><code><tt>chgrp</tt> <b>[</b><tt>-h</tt><b>]</b> <i>group file</i><tt>...<br>
34 <br>
35 chgrp -R</tt> <b>[</b><tt>-H|-L|-P</tt><b>]</b> <i>group file</i><tt>...<br></tt></code></p>
36 </blockquote>
37 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_03" id="tag_20_16_03"></a>DESCRIPTION</h4>
38 <blockquote>
39 <p>The <i>chgrp</i> utility shall set the group ID of the file named by each <i>file</i> operand to the group ID specified by the
40 <i>group</i> operand.</p>
41 <p>For each <i>file</i> operand, or, if the <b>-R</b> option is used, each file encountered while walking the directory trees
42 specified by the <i>file</i> operands, the <i>chgrp</i> utility shall perform actions equivalent to the <a href=
43 "../functions/chown.html"><i>chown</i>()</a> function defined in the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1-2024, called with the
44 following arguments:</p>
45 <ul>
46 <li>
47 <p>The <i>file</i> operand shall be used as the <i>path</i> argument.</p>
48 </li>
49 <li>
50 <p>The user ID of the file shall be used as the <i>owner</i> argument.</p>
51 </li>
52 <li>
53 <p>The specified group ID shall be used as the <i>group</i> argument.</p>
54 </li>
55 </ul>
56 <p>Unless <i>chgrp</i> is invoked by a process with appropriate privileges, the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of a regular file
57 shall be cleared upon successful completion; the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of other file types may be cleared.</p>
58 </blockquote>
59 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_04" id="tag_20_16_04"></a>OPTIONS</h4>
60 <blockquote>
61 <p>The <i>chgrp</i> utility shall conform to XBD <a href="../basedefs/V1_chap12.html#tag_12_02"><i>12.2 Utility Syntax
62 Guidelines</i></a> .</p>
63 <p>The following options shall be supported by the implementation:</p>
64 <dl compact>
65 <dd></dd>
66 <dt><b>-h</b></dt>
67 <dd>For each <i>file</i> operand that names a file of type symbolic link, <i>chgrp</i> shall attempt to set the group ID of the
68 symbolic link instead of the file referenced by the symbolic link.</dd>
69 <dt><b>-H</b></dt>
70 <dd>If the <b>-R</b> option is specified and a symbolic link referencing a file of type directory is specified on the command line,
71 <i>chgrp</i> shall change the group of the directory referenced by the symbolic link and all files in the file hierarchy below
72 it.</dd>
73 <dt><b>-L</b></dt>
74 <dd>If the <b>-R</b> option is specified and a symbolic link referencing a file of type directory is specified on the command line
75 or encountered during the traversal of a file hierarchy, <i>chgrp</i> shall change the group of the directory referenced by the
76 symbolic link and all files in the file hierarchy below it.</dd>
77 <dt><b>-P</b></dt>
78 <dd>If the <b>-R</b> option is specified and a symbolic link is specified on the command line or encountered during the traversal
79 of a file hierarchy, <i>chgrp</i> shall change the group ID of the symbolic link. The <i>chgrp</i> utility shall not follow the
80 symbolic link to any other part of the file hierarchy.</dd>
81 <dt><b>-R</b></dt>
82 <dd>Recursively change file group IDs. For each <i>file</i> operand that names a directory, <i>chgrp</i> shall change the group of
83 the directory and all files in the file hierarchy below it. Unless a <b>-H</b>, <b>-L</b>, or <b>-P</b> option is specified, it is
84 unspecified which of these options will be used as the default.</dd>
85 </dl>
86 <p>Specifying more than one of the mutually-exclusive options <b>-H</b>, <b>-L</b>, and <b>-P</b> shall not be considered an error.
87 The last option specified shall determine the behavior of the utility.</p>
88 </blockquote>
89 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_05" id="tag_20_16_05"></a>OPERANDS</h4>
90 <blockquote>
91 <p>The following operands shall be supported:</p>
92 <dl compact>
93 <dd></dd>
94 <dt><i>group</i></dt>
95 <dd>A group name from the group database or a numeric group ID. Either specifies a group ID to be given to each file named by one
96 of the <i>file</i> operands. If a numeric <i>group</i> operand exists in the group database as a group name, the group ID number
97 associated with that group name is used as the group ID.</dd>
98 <dt><i>file</i></dt>
99 <dd>A pathname of a file whose group ID is to be modified.</dd>
100 </dl>
101 </blockquote>
102 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_06" id="tag_20_16_06"></a>STDIN</h4>
103 <blockquote>
104 <p>Not used.</p>
105 </blockquote>
106 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_07" id="tag_20_16_07"></a>INPUT FILES</h4>
107 <blockquote>
108 <p>None.</p>
109 </blockquote>
110 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_08" id="tag_20_16_08"></a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4>
111 <blockquote>
112 <p>The following environment variables shall affect the execution of <i>chgrp</i>:</p>
113 <dl compact>
114 <dd></dd>
115 <dt><i>LANG</i></dt>
116 <dd>Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See XBD <a href=
117 "../basedefs/V1_chap08.html#tag_08_02"><i>8.2 Internationalization Variables</i></a> for the precedence of internationalization
118 variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)</dd>
119 <dt><i>LC_ALL</i></dt>
120 <dd>If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.</dd>
121 <dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i></dt>
122 <dd>Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
123 opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).</dd>
124 <dt><i>LC_MESSAGES</i></dt>
125 <dd><br>
126 Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.</dd>
127 <dt><i>NLSPATH</i></dt>
128 <dd><sup>[<a href="javascript:open_code('XSI')">XSI</a>]</sup> <img src="../images/opt-start.gif" alt="[Option Start]" border="0">
129 Determine the location of messages objects and message catalogs. <img src="../images/opt-end.gif" alt="[Option End]" border=
130 "0"></dd>
131 </dl>
132 </blockquote>
133 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_09" id="tag_20_16_09"></a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4>
134 <blockquote>
135 <p>Default.</p>
136 </blockquote>
137 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_10" id="tag_20_16_10"></a>STDOUT</h4>
138 <blockquote>
139 <p>Not used.</p>
140 </blockquote>
141 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_11" id="tag_20_16_11"></a>STDERR</h4>
142 <blockquote>
143 <p>The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.</p>
144 </blockquote>
145 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_12" id="tag_20_16_12"></a>OUTPUT FILES</h4>
146 <blockquote>
147 <p>None.</p>
148 </blockquote>
149 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_13" id="tag_20_16_13"></a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4>
150 <blockquote>
151 <p>None.</p>
152 </blockquote>
153 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_14" id="tag_20_16_14"></a>EXIT STATUS</h4>
154 <blockquote>
155 <p>The following exit values shall be returned:</p>
156 <dl compact>
157 <dd></dd>
158 <dt> 0</dt>
159 <dd>The utility executed successfully and all requested changes were made.</dd>
160 <dt>>0</dt>
161 <dd>An error occurred.</dd>
162 </dl>
163 </blockquote>
164 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_15" id="tag_20_16_15"></a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4>
165 <blockquote>
166 <p>Default.</p>
167 </blockquote>
168 <hr>
169 <div class="box"><em>The following sections are informative.</em></div>
170 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_16" id="tag_20_16_16"></a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4>
171 <blockquote>
172 <p>Only the owner of a file or the user with appropriate privileges may change the owner or group of a file.</p>
173 <p>Some implementations restrict the use of <i>chgrp</i> to a user with appropriate privileges when the <i>group</i> specified is
174 not the effective group ID or one of the supplementary group IDs of the calling process.</p>
175 </blockquote>
176 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_17" id="tag_20_16_17"></a>EXAMPLES</h4>
177 <blockquote>
178 <p>None.</p>
179 </blockquote>
180 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_18" id="tag_20_16_18"></a>RATIONALE</h4>
181 <blockquote>
182 <p>The System V and BSD versions use different exit status codes. Some implementations used the exit status as a count of the
183 number of errors that occurred; this practice is unworkable since it can overflow the range of valid exit status values. The
184 standard developers chose to mask these by specifying only 0 and >0 as exit values.</p>
185 <p>The functionality of <i>chgrp</i> is described substantially through references to <a href=
186 "../functions/chown.html"><i>chown</i>()</a>. In this way, there is no duplication of effort required for describing the
187 interactions of permissions, multiple groups, and so on.</p>
188 </blockquote>
189 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_19" id="tag_20_16_19"></a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4>
190 <blockquote>
191 <p>None.</p>
192 </blockquote>
193 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_20" id="tag_20_16_20"></a>SEE ALSO</h4>
194 <blockquote>
195 <p><a href="../utilities/chmod.html#tag_20_17"><i>chmod</i></a> , <a href="../utilities/chown.html#tag_20_18"><i>chown</i></a></p>
196 <p>XBD <a href="../basedefs/V1_chap08.html#tag_08"><i>8. Environment Variables</i></a> , <a href=
197 "../basedefs/V1_chap12.html#tag_12_02"><i>12.2 Utility Syntax Guidelines</i></a></p>
198 <p>XSH <a href="../functions/chown.html#tag_17_73"><i>chown</i></a></p>
199 </blockquote>
200 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_21" id="tag_20_16_21"></a>CHANGE HISTORY</h4>
201 <blockquote>
202 <p>First released in Issue 2.</p>
203 </blockquote>
204 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_22" id="tag_20_16_22"></a>Issue 6</h4>
205 <blockquote>
206 <p>New options <b>-H</b>, <b>-L</b>, and <b>-P</b> are added to align with the IEEE P1003.2b draft standard. These options
207 affect the processing of symbolic links.</p>
208 <p>IEEE PASC Interpretation 1003.2 #172 is applied, changing the CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS section to "Default.".</p>
209 <p>IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 1-2002, item XCU/TC1/D6/15 is applied, changing the SYNOPSIS to make it clear that
210 <b>-h</b> and <b>-R</b> are optional.</p>
211 </blockquote>
212 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_23" id="tag_20_16_23"></a>Issue 7</h4>
213 <blockquote>
214 <p>SD5-XCU-ERN-8 is applied, removing the <b>-R</b> from the first line of the SYNOPSIS.</p>
215 <p>SD5-XCU-ERN-97 is applied, updating the SYNOPSIS.</p>
216 <p>POSIX.1-2008, Technical Corrigendum 1, XCU/TC1-2008/0080 [237,341] is applied.</p>
217 </blockquote>
218 <h4 class="mansect"><a name="tag_20_16_24" id="tag_20_16_24"></a>Issue 8</h4>
219 <blockquote>
220 <p>Austin Group Defect 1122 is applied, changing the description of <i>NLSPATH .</i></p>
221 </blockquote>
222 <div class="box"><em>End of informative text.</em></div>
223 <hr>
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